How to Test GFCI Outlets — New Jersey
Complete checklist with climate-adjusted recommendations for New Jersey
Overview
Press the test button — the outlet should click off. Press reset to restore. GFCI outlets protect against electrocution and should be tested monthly.
Step-by-Step Guide
Locate all GFCI outlets in your home
GFCI outlets have 'TEST' and 'RESET' buttons between the two plug slots. They are required in bathrooms, kitchens (within 6 feet of a sink), garages, laundry rooms, basements, outdoor outlets, and near pools or hot tubs. One GFCI outlet can protect multiple downstream outlets on the same circuit, so check non-GFCI outlets in wet areas too.
Plug in a simple device
Plug a nightlight, lamp, or phone charger into the GFCI outlet. Turn it on to confirm the outlet has power. This gives you a clear visual indicator of when power cuts off during the test.
Press the TEST button
Press the 'TEST' button firmly. You should hear a click, and the power to the outlet should cut off immediately — your plugged-in device should turn off. If the outlet does not trip (the device stays on), the GFCI has failed and must be replaced immediately.
Verify downstream outlets lost power
If other outlets in the room are protected by this GFCI, check that they also lost power. Plug a tester or device into nearby outlets. Any outlet on the downstream (load) side of the GFCI should be dead when the GFCI is tripped.
Press the RESET button
Press the 'RESET' button firmly until it clicks and locks in. Power should be restored to the outlet and all downstream outlets. Your plugged-in device should turn back on. If the reset button won't stay in, the GFCI has tripped due to a ground fault on the circuit — unplug all devices and try again.
Test with a GFCI outlet tester (optional but recommended)
For a more thorough test, use a plug-in GFCI tester ($10-$15 at hardware stores). These testers simulate a ground fault and verify the outlet trips within the required time. The three indicator lights also confirm correct wiring (hot, neutral, ground). This catches wiring errors that the built-in test button cannot detect.
Document and schedule regular testing
Record how many GFCI outlets you have and their locations. The National Electrical Code recommends testing GFCI outlets monthly. Set a recurring calendar reminder. GFCI outlets have a lifespan of 10-15 years and can fail silently — regular testing is the only way to know they still work.
What You'll Need
Tools
- - Nightlight or lamp (for visual test)
- - GFCI outlet tester (optional, recommended)
Cost Estimates
DIY Cost
$0 - $15
Professional Cost
$75 - $200 per outlet (replacement)
Safety Tips
- Never stick anything into an outlet other than a proper plug — even when testing.
- If a GFCI fails the test, do not use the outlet until it is replaced. It no longer provides shock protection.
- Wet hands increase electrocution risk — dry your hands before touching outlets, especially in bathrooms and kitchens.
- GFCI protection is especially critical for outdoor outlets, pool equipment, and any outlet within 6 feet of water.
When to Call a Professional
Call an electrician if a GFCI outlet fails the test (does not trip), will not reset, keeps tripping randomly, shows scorch marks or discoloration, or if you discover that wet-area outlets are not GFCI-protected (code violation in all jurisdictions).
Pro Tip
GFCI outlets manufactured before 2015 can fail in a way that still delivers power but without ground fault protection — you would never know without testing. Newer GFCI outlets fail in the 'off' position (no power), which is safer. If your GFCIs are more than 10 years old, consider proactive replacement.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Never testing GFCI outlets, assuming they work indefinitely.
- Confusing a standard outlet for a GFCI-protected outlet — downstream outlets look normal but may be protected by an upstream GFCI.
- Ignoring a GFCI that trips repeatedly — this indicates an actual ground fault on the circuit that needs investigation.
- Not realizing that a single tripped GFCI can kill power to multiple outlets in other rooms.
- Painting over the TEST/RESET buttons, preventing them from operating.
Related How-To Guides
How to Check for Warm or Discolored Outlets
Feel all outlets and switch plates. Warmth, discoloration, or buzzing indicates a wiring problem that could lead to an electrical fire.
How to Inspect Your Electrical Panel
Look for rust, scorch marks, or a burning smell. Check that breakers are properly labeled. The electrical panel is the heart of your home's electrical system.
How to Check for Overloaded Circuits
Look for tripping breakers, flickering lights, or warm extension cords. Overloaded circuits are a leading cause of residential electrical fires.